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외국인 학습자들의 실제 오류 문장으로 배워보는 TOPIK 대비 한국어 문법 150!
‘Correct Your Korean - 150 Common Grammar Errors’는 학습자의 눈높이에 맞춰 실제 문법 사용의 오류 문장을 토대로 정확한 용법과 의미를 배울 수 있는 문법 교재이다. 초급에서 중급 단계에 해당하는 다양한 국적의 외국인 학습자 800여 명을 대상으로 그들이 자주 틀리는 문법 오류를 TOPIK에 서 필수적으로 알아야 할 150개의 문법 사항으로 선별하여 정리하였다. 기초 실력은 있으나 실수가 많은 학습자들이 쓰기, 말하기, 읽기 등에서 자주 범하는 오류의 근본적인 원인을 직접 파악하여 한국어 문법을 보다 명확하게 이해하고 활용할 수 있도록 했다.
‘Correct Your Korean - 150 Common Grammar Errors’는 학습자의 눈높이에 맞춰 실제 문법 사용의 오류 문장을 토대로 정확한 용법과 의미를 배울 수 있는 문법 교재이다. 초급에서 중급 단계에 해당하는 다양한 국적의 외국인 학습자 800여 명을 대상으로 그들이 자주 틀리는 문법 오류를 TOPIK에 서 필수적으로 알아야 할 150개의 문법 사항으로 선별하여 정리하였다. 기초 실력은 있으나 실수가 많은 학습자들이 쓰기, 말하기, 읽기 등에서 자주 범하는 오류의 근본적인 원인을 직접 파악하여 한국어 문법을 보다 명확하게 이해하고 활용할 수 있도록 했다.
저자: 민진영
Preface .............................................................................................. 4
How to Use This Book ........................................................... 6
Contents............................................................................................ 12
01 조사 Particles
1 격조사 Case Particles
①이/가 ......................................................................................18
②을/를 ......................................................................................20
③ 에 ............................................................................................22
④에서 ........................................................................................24
⑤의 ............................................................................................26
⑥ 으로 ........................................................................................28
⑦ 에게 ........................................................................................30
⑧ 처럼 ........................................................................................32
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................34
2 보조사 Auxiliary Particles
①은/는 ......................................................................................36
②부터 ........................................................................................38
③ 까지 ........................................................................................40
④(이)나 .....................................................................................42
3 접속조사 Connective Particles
①하고 ........................................................................................44
②와/과 ......................................................................................46
4 조사 결합 Postposition Combinations
①조사 결합 ..............................................................................48
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................50
02 어순ㆍ의문사ㆍ접속부사
Word Order ㆍ Interrogatives ㆍ Conjunctive Adverbs
1 어순 word order
①어순 ........................................................................................54
2 의문사 Interrogatives
①의문사 ...................................................................................56
3 접속부사 Conjunctive Adverbs
①접속부사 ...............................................................................58
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................... 60
03 시제 Tenses
1 -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ
①-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ ..............................................................64
2 -았/었-
①-았/었- ................................................................................66
3 -(으)ㄹ 거예요 ①
①-(으)ㄹ 거예요 ① ..............................................................68
확인 평가 Checkup ................................................................... 70
04 부정 표현 Negative Statements
1 안/-지 않다
①안/-지 않다 .........................................................................74
2 못/-지 못하다
①못/-지 못하다 ....................................................................76
3 -지 말다
①-지 말다 ...............................................................................78
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................80
05 연결어미 Connective Endings
1 나열·대조·배경 Lists ㆍ Contrasts ㆍ Backgrounds
①-고 ① ...................................................................................84
②-(으)며 ..................................................................................86
③ -지만 .....................................................................................88
④-는데 .....................................................................................
⑤-기는 하지만 ......................................................................92
⑥ -는데도 ................................................................................94
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................96
2 시간·순차적 행동 Time ㆍ Sequential Activities
①-아/어서 ① .........................................................................98
②-고 ② ................................................................................ 100
③ -기 전에 ............................................................................ 102
④-(으)ㄴ 후에 ..................................................................... 104
⑤-(으)ㄹ 때 ......................................................................... 106
⑥ -(으)면서 ........................................................................... 108
⑦ -는 동안 ............................................................................ 110
⑧ -자마자 ............................................................................. 112
⑨-자 ...................................................................................... 114
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 116
3 이유·근거 Reasons ㆍ Basis
①-아/어서 ② ...................................................................... 118
②-(으)니까 ......................................................................... 120
③ -기 때문에 ........................................................................ 122
④(이)라서 .............................................................................. 124
⑤-느라고 ............................................................................. 126
⑥ -는 바람에 ........................................................................ 128
⑦ -(으)ㄹ까 봐(서) .............................................................. 130
⑧ -길래 .................................................................................. 132
⑨-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 ............................................................. 134
⑩ (으)로 인해(서) ................................................................. 136
확인 평가 Checkup ................................................................. 138
4 목적·의지 Objectives ㆍ Will
①-(으)러 ............................................................................... 140
②-(으)려고 ........................................................................... 142
③ -기 위해(서) ..................................................................... 144
④-(으)려다(가) .................................................................... 146
⑤-도록 .................................................................................. 148
⑥ -(으)ㄹ 테니까 ① ........................................................... 150
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 152
5 조건 Conditions
①-(으)면 ............................................................................... 154
②-(으)려면 ........................................................................... 156
③ -거든 .................................................................................. 158
④-아/어야 ........................................................................... 160
6 선택 Selections
①-거나 .................................................................................. 162
②-든지 .................................................................................. 164
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 166
7 전환 Transitions
①-다(가) ............................................................................... 168
②-았/었다(가) .................................................................... 170
8 추측 Assumptions
①-(으)ㄹ 테니(까) ② ........................................................ 172
②-(으)ㄹ 텐데 ..................................................................... 174
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 176
9 대체·추가 Substitutes ㆍ Additions
①-는 대신(에) ..................................................................... 178
②-(으)ㄹ 뿐(만) 아니라 .................................................... 180
③ -(으)ㄴ/는 데다(가) ........................................................ 182
10 정도 Degrees
①-(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록 ...................................................... 184
②-(으)ㄹ 정도로 ................................................................. 186
③ -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 만큼 ................................................. 188
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 190
11 가정·후회·소용없음 Assumptions ㆍ Regrets ㆍ Futility
①(아무리) -아/어도 ......................................................... 192
②-(느)ㄴ다면 ...................................................................... 194
③ -았/었더라면 ................................................................... 196
④-아/어 봤자 ...................................................................... 198
12 경험 Experiences
①-다(가) 보니(까) .............................................................. 200
②-다(가) 보면 ..................................................................... 202
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 204
13 회상 Remembrances
①-던 ...................................................................................... 206
②-았/었던 ........................................................................... 208
③ -던데 .................................................................................. 210
④-더니 .................................................................................. 212
14 수단·기준·판단 Methods ㆍ Standards ㆍ Judgments
①에 따르면 ........................................................................... 214
②에 대해(서) ........................................................................ 216
오류로
③ 을/를 통해(서) .................................................................. 218
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 220
06 종결어미 Final Endings
1 제안 Suggestions
①-(으)ㄹ까요? ① .............................................................. 224
②-(으)ㄹ래요? .................................................................... 226
2 계획·의도 Plans ㆍ Intentions
①-기로 하다 ........................................................................ 228
②-(으)려고 하다 ................................................................. 230
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 232
3 진행 Progress
①-고 있다 ① ..................................................................... 234
②-는 중이다 ........................................................................ 236
③ -아/어 가다/오다 ........................................................... 238
4 경험 Experiences
①-아/어 보다 ...................................................................... 240
②-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 ................................................ 242
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 244
5 가능성·능력 Potential ㆍ Abilities
①-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 .................................................... 246
②-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 ................................................ 248
6 의무·허락·금지 Obligations ㆍ Permissions ㆍ Prohibitions
①-아/어야 하다 ................................................................ 250
②-아/어도 되다 ................................................................. 252
③ -(으)면 안 되다 ............................................................... 254
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 256
7 의지 Will
①-겠어요 ............................................................................. 258
②-(으)ㄹ게요 ...................................................................... 260
③ -(으)ㄹ래요 ...................................................................... 262
8 추측·의문 Assumptions ㆍ Doubts
①-(으)ㄹ 거예요 ② ........................................................... 264
②-(으)ㄹ까요? ② .............................................................. 266
③ -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다 ........................................... 268
④-나 보다 ............................................................................ 270
⑤-는지 알다/모르다 ........................................................ 272
⑥ -(으)ㄹ지 모르겠다 ........................................................ 274
⑦ -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다/몰랐다 ........................ 276
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 278
9 완료 Completion
①-고 있다 ② ...................................................................... 280
②-아/어 있다 ...................................................................... 282
③ -아/어 버리다 ................................................................. 284
①-고 말다 ............................................................................ 286
10 희망 Hopes
①-고 싶다 ............................................................................ 288
②-았/었으면 좋겠다 ........................................................ 290
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 292
11 강조·가정·확인 Emphasis ㆍ Assumptions ㆍ Confirmations
①얼마나 -는지 모르다 .................................................... 294
②-(으)ㄴ/는 셈 치다 ......................................................... 296
③ -지 않아요? ..................................................................... 298
12 이유 Reasons
①-잖아요 ............................................................................. 300
②-거든요 ............................................................................. 302
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 304
13 변화·속성·그럴듯함 Changes ㆍ Attributes ㆍ Plausibility
①-아/어지다 ....................................................................... 306
②-게 되다 ............................................................................ 308
③ -는 편이다 ........................................................................ 310
④-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다 .......................................................... 312
14 회상·후회 Retrospection ㆍ Regrets
①-더라고요 ......................................................................... 314
②-(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다 ............................................................ 316
15 서술문 Declarative Sentences
①서술문 ................................................................................ 318
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 320
07 인용 표현 Quotation Expressions
1 -(느)ㄴ다고 하다
①-(느)ㄴ다고 하다 ............................................................ 324
2 -(느)냐고 하다
①-(느)냐고 하다 ................................................................. 326
3 -(으)라고 하다, -자고 하다
①-(으)라고 하다, -자고 하다 ........................................ 328
4 -아/어 주라고 하다, -아/어 달라고 하다
①-아/어 주라고 하다, -아/어 달라고 하다 .............. 330
확인 평가 Checkup ................................................................ 332
08 전성어미 Transformative Endings
1 -는 것
①-는 것 ................................................................................ 336
2 -기
①-기 ...................................................................................... 338
3 -(으)ㅁ
①-(으)ㅁ ............................................................................... 340
4 -는 데
①-는 데 ................................................................................ 342
5 -게
①-게 ...................................................................................... 344
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 346
09 피동ㆍ사동 표현 Passive and Causative Expressions
1 피동 표현 Passive Expressions
①피동 표현 ........................................................................... 350
2 사동 표현 Causative Expressions
①사동 표현 ........................................................................... 352
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 354
10 문장 성분 호응 Sequence of Sentence Constituents
1 아주·별로·과연 등 A/V
①아주·별로·과연 등 A/V ......................................... 358
2 -(으)ㄴ 지 N이/가 되다
①-(으)ㄴ 지 N이/가 되다 ................................................ 360
3 -아/어하다
①-아/어하다 ....................................................................... 362
4 아무 N
①아무 N ............................................................................ 364
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 366
11 존댓말ㆍ반말 Honorifics
How to Use This Book ........................................................... 6
Contents............................................................................................ 12
01 조사 Particles
1 격조사 Case Particles
①이/가 ......................................................................................18
②을/를 ......................................................................................20
③ 에 ............................................................................................22
④에서 ........................................................................................24
⑤의 ............................................................................................26
⑥ 으로 ........................................................................................28
⑦ 에게 ........................................................................................30
⑧ 처럼 ........................................................................................32
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................34
2 보조사 Auxiliary Particles
①은/는 ......................................................................................36
②부터 ........................................................................................38
③ 까지 ........................................................................................40
④(이)나 .....................................................................................42
3 접속조사 Connective Particles
①하고 ........................................................................................44
②와/과 ......................................................................................46
4 조사 결합 Postposition Combinations
①조사 결합 ..............................................................................48
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................50
02 어순ㆍ의문사ㆍ접속부사
Word Order ㆍ Interrogatives ㆍ Conjunctive Adverbs
1 어순 word order
①어순 ........................................................................................54
2 의문사 Interrogatives
①의문사 ...................................................................................56
3 접속부사 Conjunctive Adverbs
①접속부사 ...............................................................................58
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................... 60
03 시제 Tenses
1 -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ
①-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ ..............................................................64
2 -았/었-
①-았/었- ................................................................................66
3 -(으)ㄹ 거예요 ①
①-(으)ㄹ 거예요 ① ..............................................................68
확인 평가 Checkup ................................................................... 70
04 부정 표현 Negative Statements
1 안/-지 않다
①안/-지 않다 .........................................................................74
2 못/-지 못하다
①못/-지 못하다 ....................................................................76
3 -지 말다
①-지 말다 ...............................................................................78
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................80
05 연결어미 Connective Endings
1 나열·대조·배경 Lists ㆍ Contrasts ㆍ Backgrounds
①-고 ① ...................................................................................84
②-(으)며 ..................................................................................86
③ -지만 .....................................................................................88
④-는데 .....................................................................................
⑤-기는 하지만 ......................................................................92
⑥ -는데도 ................................................................................94
확인 평가 Checkup .....................................................................96
2 시간·순차적 행동 Time ㆍ Sequential Activities
①-아/어서 ① .........................................................................98
②-고 ② ................................................................................ 100
③ -기 전에 ............................................................................ 102
④-(으)ㄴ 후에 ..................................................................... 104
⑤-(으)ㄹ 때 ......................................................................... 106
⑥ -(으)면서 ........................................................................... 108
⑦ -는 동안 ............................................................................ 110
⑧ -자마자 ............................................................................. 112
⑨-자 ...................................................................................... 114
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 116
3 이유·근거 Reasons ㆍ Basis
①-아/어서 ② ...................................................................... 118
②-(으)니까 ......................................................................... 120
③ -기 때문에 ........................................................................ 122
④(이)라서 .............................................................................. 124
⑤-느라고 ............................................................................. 126
⑥ -는 바람에 ........................................................................ 128
⑦ -(으)ㄹ까 봐(서) .............................................................. 130
⑧ -길래 .................................................................................. 132
⑨-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 ............................................................. 134
⑩ (으)로 인해(서) ................................................................. 136
확인 평가 Checkup ................................................................. 138
4 목적·의지 Objectives ㆍ Will
①-(으)러 ............................................................................... 140
②-(으)려고 ........................................................................... 142
③ -기 위해(서) ..................................................................... 144
④-(으)려다(가) .................................................................... 146
⑤-도록 .................................................................................. 148
⑥ -(으)ㄹ 테니까 ① ........................................................... 150
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 152
5 조건 Conditions
①-(으)면 ............................................................................... 154
②-(으)려면 ........................................................................... 156
③ -거든 .................................................................................. 158
④-아/어야 ........................................................................... 160
6 선택 Selections
①-거나 .................................................................................. 162
②-든지 .................................................................................. 164
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 166
7 전환 Transitions
①-다(가) ............................................................................... 168
②-았/었다(가) .................................................................... 170
8 추측 Assumptions
①-(으)ㄹ 테니(까) ② ........................................................ 172
②-(으)ㄹ 텐데 ..................................................................... 174
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 176
9 대체·추가 Substitutes ㆍ Additions
①-는 대신(에) ..................................................................... 178
②-(으)ㄹ 뿐(만) 아니라 .................................................... 180
③ -(으)ㄴ/는 데다(가) ........................................................ 182
10 정도 Degrees
①-(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록 ...................................................... 184
②-(으)ㄹ 정도로 ................................................................. 186
③ -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 만큼 ................................................. 188
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 190
11 가정·후회·소용없음 Assumptions ㆍ Regrets ㆍ Futility
①(아무리) -아/어도 ......................................................... 192
②-(느)ㄴ다면 ...................................................................... 194
③ -았/었더라면 ................................................................... 196
④-아/어 봤자 ...................................................................... 198
12 경험 Experiences
①-다(가) 보니(까) .............................................................. 200
②-다(가) 보면 ..................................................................... 202
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 204
13 회상 Remembrances
①-던 ...................................................................................... 206
②-았/었던 ........................................................................... 208
③ -던데 .................................................................................. 210
④-더니 .................................................................................. 212
14 수단·기준·판단 Methods ㆍ Standards ㆍ Judgments
①에 따르면 ........................................................................... 214
②에 대해(서) ........................................................................ 216
오류로
③ 을/를 통해(서) .................................................................. 218
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 220
06 종결어미 Final Endings
1 제안 Suggestions
①-(으)ㄹ까요? ① .............................................................. 224
②-(으)ㄹ래요? .................................................................... 226
2 계획·의도 Plans ㆍ Intentions
①-기로 하다 ........................................................................ 228
②-(으)려고 하다 ................................................................. 230
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 232
3 진행 Progress
①-고 있다 ① ..................................................................... 234
②-는 중이다 ........................................................................ 236
③ -아/어 가다/오다 ........................................................... 238
4 경험 Experiences
①-아/어 보다 ...................................................................... 240
②-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 ................................................ 242
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 244
5 가능성·능력 Potential ㆍ Abilities
①-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 .................................................... 246
②-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 ................................................ 248
6 의무·허락·금지 Obligations ㆍ Permissions ㆍ Prohibitions
①-아/어야 하다 ................................................................ 250
②-아/어도 되다 ................................................................. 252
③ -(으)면 안 되다 ............................................................... 254
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 256
7 의지 Will
①-겠어요 ............................................................................. 258
②-(으)ㄹ게요 ...................................................................... 260
③ -(으)ㄹ래요 ...................................................................... 262
8 추측·의문 Assumptions ㆍ Doubts
①-(으)ㄹ 거예요 ② ........................................................... 264
②-(으)ㄹ까요? ② .............................................................. 266
③ -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다 ........................................... 268
④-나 보다 ............................................................................ 270
⑤-는지 알다/모르다 ........................................................ 272
⑥ -(으)ㄹ지 모르겠다 ........................................................ 274
⑦ -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다/몰랐다 ........................ 276
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 278
9 완료 Completion
①-고 있다 ② ...................................................................... 280
②-아/어 있다 ...................................................................... 282
③ -아/어 버리다 ................................................................. 284
①-고 말다 ............................................................................ 286
10 희망 Hopes
①-고 싶다 ............................................................................ 288
②-았/었으면 좋겠다 ........................................................ 290
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 292
11 강조·가정·확인 Emphasis ㆍ Assumptions ㆍ Confirmations
①얼마나 -는지 모르다 .................................................... 294
②-(으)ㄴ/는 셈 치다 ......................................................... 296
③ -지 않아요? ..................................................................... 298
12 이유 Reasons
①-잖아요 ............................................................................. 300
②-거든요 ............................................................................. 302
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 304
13 변화·속성·그럴듯함 Changes ㆍ Attributes ㆍ Plausibility
①-아/어지다 ....................................................................... 306
②-게 되다 ............................................................................ 308
③ -는 편이다 ........................................................................ 310
④-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다 .......................................................... 312
14 회상·후회 Retrospection ㆍ Regrets
①-더라고요 ......................................................................... 314
②-(으)ㄹ걸 그랬다 ............................................................ 316
15 서술문 Declarative Sentences
①서술문 ................................................................................ 318
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 320
07 인용 표현 Quotation Expressions
1 -(느)ㄴ다고 하다
①-(느)ㄴ다고 하다 ............................................................ 324
2 -(느)냐고 하다
①-(느)냐고 하다 ................................................................. 326
3 -(으)라고 하다, -자고 하다
①-(으)라고 하다, -자고 하다 ........................................ 328
4 -아/어 주라고 하다, -아/어 달라고 하다
①-아/어 주라고 하다, -아/어 달라고 하다 .............. 330
확인 평가 Checkup ................................................................ 332
08 전성어미 Transformative Endings
1 -는 것
①-는 것 ................................................................................ 336
2 -기
①-기 ...................................................................................... 338
3 -(으)ㅁ
①-(으)ㅁ ............................................................................... 340
4 -는 데
①-는 데 ................................................................................ 342
5 -게
①-게 ...................................................................................... 344
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 346
09 피동ㆍ사동 표현 Passive and Causative Expressions
1 피동 표현 Passive Expressions
①피동 표현 ........................................................................... 350
2 사동 표현 Causative Expressions
①사동 표현 ........................................................................... 352
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 354
10 문장 성분 호응 Sequence of Sentence Constituents
1 아주·별로·과연 등 A/V
①아주·별로·과연 등 A/V ......................................... 358
2 -(으)ㄴ 지 N이/가 되다
①-(으)ㄴ 지 N이/가 되다 ................................................ 360
3 -아/어하다
①-아/어하다 ....................................................................... 362
4 아무 N
①아무 N ............................................................................ 364
확인 평가 Checkup .................................................................. 366
11 존댓말ㆍ반말 Honorifics
